Imperialism in the British Government - Free Essay Example

The nineteenth century was a time of great expansion for the European Powers, known as Imperialism. Imperialism in the British Government was overall focused on Africa and its industrial expansion. The many issues that were faced and advanced during Imperialism included: culture, economics, morals, geostrategis, racial issues, native resistance, and cooperation. The Standard Treaty states that the Royal Niger Company was created to better the standards of living in Africa. It was created by the British Government to establish control over African countries. The main focus was to open up trade zones in the country to other outside demands. Its other purpose was to set rules for the mission of industrial expansion in Africa such as the standards of living and economic growth. According to Azamgarh Proclamation, he first part of European culture that was influenced by the British Government was the Badshahi Government in 1857. The British Government greatly changed the ways of Hindus and Muslims for the worst, yet whoever clung to the ways of the British after these changes, was sent to prison or killed. Large landowners were originally forced to give up their land to public auctions and taken to court and put in jail if they had peasants, servants, or slaves, as a punishment of disgrace. They were also taxed unreasonably high prices yearly for things such as school systems, roads, and public services. With the new government taking over, they would no longer be put through these things and would be given the right to control their own land. They were also given the rights to uncontrolled trade. The government could no longer monopolize articles with higher values or tax traders. The natives in military services gained respects from the government and were no longer looked down upon. They were given normal pay and open to higher pays in the future. Workers in the physical labor category were re-employed and given the benefits or pursuing their occupations all over again under the Kings. In Indian Home Rule, it explains that the country of India has been almost completely modernized by the English of the British Government in 1909. The whole culture had been industrialized as far as the economy, productions, and religious values. Machinery was a huge part of the country becoming civilized. Steam engines were introduced, which switched farming from manual labor over to machine labor and produced much more. Airplanes were introduced instead of using wagons, which sped up traveling. Men could now travel all across the world in a few hours instead of months or years. Men now longer had to fight in hand-to-hand battles, and instead could use guns. Religion was no longer forced upon people, it was now an option that they could choose their own or if they even wanted to practice a religion or not. Women werent looked at as housewives and could now be a part of the workforce in factories. The natives of India looked at the changes as a way of self-destroying their culture, but the English continued to make changes that would better the cultures performance in the long run. The Rhodes Colossus is a cartoon of Cecil Rhodes representing the period of Imperialism in Africa in the early 1900s. In just a few decades, Africa went from ten percent to ninety percent of it being controlled by the European Government:; the control started from the coast and moved inland. The area became a large market valuing trade since there were many waterways, such as the Suez Canal, connecting other trade rival countries. Africa was rich with raw materials that had a high demand in other countries such as: copper, cotton, rubber, palm oil, cocoa, diamonds, tea, and tin. Since many waterways had been opened up, the military force force grew largely, specifically the Navy. Ships were now driven by steam powered engines which required the production of new ports and coal stations. Bases were built throughout the routes of the waterways to increase communication. Due to the large amount of industrialization, small colonies grew into large trade zones with new businesses and industries being introduced. Cecil Rhodes took control of the economy and political part of Africa by maintaining a balance between the two to improve the conditions of the country. During the Berlin Conference, new laws were set up to regulate the the establishments that had been made within the colonies. The Berlin Conference also discussed and made it a goal to suppress the slave trade and slavery that had overtaken Africa. The Europeans pushed Christianity onto the Africans stating that the purpose of it would help the introduction of the new business industry. They also took control over most African children and guided them into the new world that they were being introduced to. The main goal of the British dominance in this country was to expand and improve the country industrially and morally. The White Mans Burden was a poem based off of Americans taking over the Philippines which is compared to the British Government taking over countries during Imperialism. It states that white men are the most powerful breed and know what is best for other cultures when it comes to expansion, but that many cultures are ungrateful for the changes that are trying to be made.. Its said that listening to the white men will give you the most power and the best changes for your country. The poem translates into telling the other countries that under the foreign governments power the will have extreme benefits from cultural, social, moral, and economic standards. Overall, the purpose of the British Government in the Imperialism age was to bring new ideas and development to African countries. It brought advancements in economic and political strategies. The cultural ideas and religious decisions were reformed. The social and racial aspects were changed for the best. Morally, the country was changed as a whole to modernize and better the standards of living conditions.

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The Cost of Aging Prison Inmates Essay - 1495 Words

The issue with aging prison members is that our legal system spends a majority of the money on our older inmates than our younger members. The three-strike rule in the United States is a big factor on why we have such a high rate with older inmates in our prisons. We imprison older members for life after they have committed more than three felonies regardless of the crime. That leads to our legal system being stuck with a lot of aging inmates. Our legal system has to pay more money in order to accommodate our older inmates because they require more medical needs. The Criminal justice system is spending a significant amount of money on our elderly sick inmates even though they are unable to commit any more crimes, leading to more problems†¦show more content†¦Mental illnesses are extremely pricy and dangerous. The staff has to be extra cautions with mentally disabled prisoners because they are more dangerous. The prison system does not have enough money to be able to maintain high-risk prisoners. â€Å"The average cost of keeping an older inmate incarcerated is about $69,000 a year†(Regan) it’s an outrageous amount of money. A Tennessee State prison gave Dr. Regan, Alderson, and Dr. William Regan gave data on older inmates who had mental illnesses. The study focused on the population and their mental disorder and the crime committed. 671 prisoners where tested in the study and 109 people where diagnosed with a mental illness: Out of the 109 people with a mental disorder only 13% where women and 87% where men. The most common crime for both genders with a mental disorder was murder. Women who committed murder suffered from depression illness. Men who committed crime in their older age committed sex crimes and where diagnosed with dementia. Our prisons are not equipped to be able to handle mentally disable prisoners. Mentally disorder people need to be in a mental house that can help them. 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Sociology for Science and Ecosystem Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSociology for Science and Ecosystem Services Management. Answer: This study examines the change in the biodiversity of the forests in the Bolivian Amazon as the culture of the indigenous people shifts from the traditional to the modern. The alpha tree diversity in the region was chosen as a parameter to assess how changes in behaviour and culture of the Tsimane' communities impact the biodiversity. The contact of the indigenous people with the Christian missionaries, the Andean colonists, logging companies and market traders has brought about cultural changes. The management of sacred groves and tree diversity has been affected due to the change. The Tsimane' people have a set of rituals and taboos that has led to conservation of biodiversity in the sacred groves. As they come in contact with market traders and cattle ranchers the change in their values caused them to alter their beliefs. Tree species that were earlier considered taboo are no longer feared. While the elders of the community believe in the concept of spirits, the Tsimane' living in towns do not hold similar beliefs (Guze, 2015). Another study on the Bolivian Amazon inhabitants points at the changes in traditional ecological knowledge due to increased interaction with the mainstream Bolivian society (Reyes-Garca, et al., 2014). Biodiversity is indeed linked to the cultural values of populations. The study inferred that tree diversity was affected due to acculturation of the Tsimane' community. When the diversity index called Fisher's Alpha was used to calculate the impact of diversity, it was significant in relation to acculturation. The Shannon index when calculated also showed the impact of acculturation on tree diversity. Previous disturbances to the forest cover by causes other than Tsimane' community were not part of the study and may have influenced the biodiversity of the assessed forest region. The study should have accounted for ecological disturbances caused by culture change in a larger sampling area than was considered as part of this study. However, the study is beneficial because it draws out the salient features of the culture of Tsimane' community and its impact on conserving the biodiversity of the flora in the region. Ormsby, A Ismail, S (2015). Cultural and ecological insights into sacred groves: managing timber resources for improved grove conservation. Forests, trees and livelihoods, 24(4):255-258. This study analyses how in the Kodagu district of South India the conservation of a species of timber, Disoxylem malabaricum has been successful due to the preservation of forests designated as 'sacred groves' by the local populace. The forests are managed by the community and the protection is offered as part of spiritual customs. But a recent study has pointed at changes in culture and the tendency to extract forest resources has led to encroachment and this has affected some rare local species. From what was once an area maintained by the local community where conservation was practised as a religion in service to the deity of a sacred grove is losing rare species due to increased human activity. The protection to the forest area has weakened (Ormsby Ismail, 2015). The study suggests interaction between the local community and forest department could improve the management of the sacred groves. It also suggests that better conservation of the timber species is possible through silviculture management. These points could help device policy on how to incorporate traditional methods of conservation of forests in the present context. It is interesting to note how safeguarding the ecosystem and protection of biodiversity are a part of the cultural ethos of some communities. Another study in the area points at human encroachment due to road widening, mini hydel projects and laying of cables contribute to the loss of biodiversity in the area and shrinking areas of the sacred groves (Rajesh, 2016). This study evaluates the effect of the 'sacred groves' in a South Indian district effectively and suggests further improvement through silk worm rearing in conjunction with conservation through cultural inputs. Ormsby, A (2013). Analysis of local attitudes toward the sacred groves of Meghalaya and Karnataka, India. Conservation and Society, 11(2):187-197. This study conducted in Meghalaya, India, mentions that the arrival of Christian missionaries in the area helped start modern education but the philosophy of the local people and their traditions did not receive much respect (Ormsby A. , 2013). The study compares the sacred groves in areas that are biodiversity hotspots- Meghalaya in North East India and the Kodagu district in the state of Karnatakaby analysing their cultural values. Whereas, similar conservation through sacred forests in Karnataka's Kodagu district received support because they were Hindus. Several traditions were analysed and compared and locals from both regions, that is, Meghalaya and Karnataka were interviewed to ask what actions were prohibited in the sacred forests. Hunting and felling of trees was not allowed in both cases but less invasive activity, such as, carrying of small forest produce - leaf litter, soil, twigs was permitted. Both the communities believed that not following the rules could cause some h arm to the people who broke rules. Ceremonies and rituals are still held to offer prayers in the Kodagu district while in Meghalaya the change of religion has meant that the rituals and prayers are followed to a lesser extent. The awareness among the communities about the need to conserve the sacred groves is higher in Meghalaya than in the Kodagu district (Ormsby A. , 2013). This study conducts an in depth analysis of two biodiversity hotspots in India, namely, in Meghalaya and Karnataka. The impact of education, acculturation of the indigenous people, their changing value systems is studied thoroughly. Several parameters have been considered- restrictions on use of forest resources, festivals and rituals associated with the sacred groves have been studied in depth. An interesting finding is that modern education has made the tribal people in Meghalaya more sensitive to the requirement of conservation of the sacred forests. The authors have not been able to analyse why the people associated with sacred forests in Meghalaya are successful at conservation even though their understanding of culture is lesser than other communities. The spiritual connection of the people in the Kodagu forests has been explained well. The paper draws on important points while comparing the two biodiversity hotspots. However, very few forests could be reached and the sample si ze remained small. Parotta, J., Yeo-Chang, Y Camcho, L (2016). Trditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services, International journal of biodiversity science and ecosystem services management, 12(1-2):1-4. Ecological resilience has been practised by indigenous communities all over the world. The Dayak Tunjung community in East Borneo, rural communities in Northern Ghana have rules regulations taboos and customs that revolve round principles of sustainable use of natural resources. The values that guide traditional management of resources has withstood the pressure of time, of geopolitical change and is based on the experience of several generations. It would be important for the younger generation to remain involved in sustainable management of resources while managing the pressure of resource utilization (Parotta, Yeo-Chang, Camacho, 2016). This paper discusses the culturally sustainable methods adopted by indigenous communities in East Borneo and this has led to sustainable use of forest resources and helped to maintain the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The paper has described all aspects of the benefits of traditional forest management, namely, sustainability, traditional wisdom that has prevented over-exploitation of forest resources and yet some forest produce reaches the market and provides economic benefits to the local people. More elaboration on how the practices of local people could benefit policy makers would have made the study more useful. References Guze, M. L.-G.-M.-G. (2015). Shifts in indigenous culture relate to forest tree diversity: a case study from the Tsimane, Bolivian Amazon. Biological Conservation, 186, 251259. . Ormsby, A. (2013). Analysis of local attitudes toward the sacred groves of Meghalaya and Karnataka, India. Conservation and Society, 11(2):187-197. Ormsby, A., Ismail, S. (2015). Cultural and ecological insights into sacred groves: managing timber resources for improved grove conservation. Forests, trees and livelihoods, 24(4):244-258. Parotta, J., Yeo-Chang, Y., Camacho, L. (2016). Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services. International journal of biodiversity science and ecosystem services management, 12(1-2):1-4. Rajesh, B. (2016). Sacred Groves: Floristic Diversity and their Role in Conservation of Nature. . Forest Research, 5:161. . Reyes-Garca, V., Paneque-Glvez, J., Luz, A., Gueze, M., Maca, M., Orta-Martnez, M., Pino, J. (2014). Cultural change and traditional ecological knowledge. An empirical analysis from the Tsimane' in the Bolivian Amazon. Human Organisation , 73(2):162-173.